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The Segway HT maintains balance as users control direction, speed and stopping with the motion of their bodies, and change direction with the right handgrip. It is as easy as it looks to get around in an office, shop floor or urban streetscape, and even during limited outdoor travel.

Dynamic Plastics, Inc. (DP) specializes in rapid manufacturing of prototype plastic injection molds for customers who need small but high-quality parts runs-which DP also provides from its 25,000-square-foot facility. "What sets us apart from our competition is our triple-duty moldmakers," says DP tooling manager Tom Prebelich. "For most jobs, they not only create toolpaths and do the machining; they do their own design work. Our choice of what we believe is the CAD/CAM/CNC program with the most user-friendly interface allows our crew the latitude to apply a wide variety of their skills to get the whole process done quickly and accurately."

DP's skilled designer/programmer/machinists, materials selection experience and shop floor scheduling flexibility are key contributors to the shop's reliability. With design and toolpathing driven by Mastercam software (from CNC Software, Tolland CT), DP is highly competitive in many time-critical prototyping scenarios. Accurate-the-first-time machining in high-quality aluminum set them up for production right from the prototype stage.

The Software Secret
J. R. Hoell, mechanical engineer for Segway LLC, outsourced to DP earlier in his career and, aware of DP's expertise in applying Mastercam to moldmaking, asked Connell and his partner, Joe Doss, to bid on the moldmaking and limited production of several parts during the development of the Segway HT. For Segway, this added up to production-quality parts from QC7 aluminum mold tooling in product-introduction quantities-minus the added startup expense of steel tooling.

A must for rapid prototyping shops and a plus for most other shops, Mastercam's toolpath associativity automatically updates those toolpaths linked with changes in geometry. As soon as the changes are made, the technician clicks on the Regenerate command. Within seconds, the updated toolpath is ready to run. Mastercam's HSM parameters boost DP's rapid prototype turnaround by speeding the tool through linear, shallower cutting. The program intuitively slows for corners and details, and then resumes feed speed on the next simpler part of the toolpath.

The Project
The Segway Human Transporter took on a life of its own when key outside suppliers-namely DP-were brought on board for the development process. Doss was DP's manager for Segway projects and worked out production details and time-saving mold design alternatives.

A woman uses her Segway HT p Series on an Atlanta subway during her evening commute. Many people use the Segway HT as a connector between different modes of transportation.

During Segway's design conferences Doss suggested an inter-projecting core and cavity design for a shaft locking assembly. It included four male cores, which telescoped into the mating cavity parts. When closed, the mold parts formed O-ring seats at two heights around the inside surface of the ferrule. The nut is screwed over the ferrule, completing the height adjust collar inside which the rings provide the grip to hold the Segway's control shaft position setting securely.

Doss also collaborated in the development of bypassing cores, which left four vertical gaps in the ferrule wall, freeing the four remaining solid sections-these end up inside the nut after fabrication-to flex inward toward the control shaft as the assembly is tightened. DP also worked with Segway people to develop the method of overmolding the soft plastic sheath that serves as a non-slip grip when users tighten the height adjust collar.

Doss felt that Segway's team was particularly open to discuss ideas and listen to suggestions, "We tried to use our experience with materials and Mastercam to help make the projects more toolable" - Doss' word for DP's ability to simplify mold design toward more straightforward, time-saving toolpathing; and, for example, to use an intermediate-finish pass for faster stock removal, leaving the finish pass with little stock-to-remove. That allowed them to use Mastercam's leftover feature to go back in and finish the detailed sections at higher speeds with a .060-inch flat or ball mill to improve production speed and quality.

Since Mastercam remembers what it has cut, Prebelich was able to use its leftover feature with a much smaller cutter-a 0.060-inch flat or ball mill, depending on the geometry-to clean just the stock left from corners and details missed by the larger cutters.

Versatility Is a Must
The speed and direction of the Segway HT are controlled by the angle and direction in which the rider leans; function controls and indicators are in the handlebar. One handgrip steers the HT in a 0x turning radius and the control shaft telescopes to adjust to individual riders' comfort. DP made the prototype/production molds for the control shaft's two-part height adjust collar-a two-piece ferrule with overmolding-and as the project progressed, battery cases, trim parts and a three-part, multimaterial wedge for the control shaft base clamping mechanism.

Along the way, DP machined main housing and gearbox casing prototypes from the same QC7 aluminum used for the molds. The extra-hard QC7 aluminum is the foundation of DP's turnaround time and production quality. Using Mastercam optimized feed and speed rates; DP machined the QC7 so no material gummed up the tooling or stock, and finished molds were capable of running upwards of 50,000 parts with steel-like precision.

The projections allow the mold to close together the surfaces that create a rib at both the top and bottom surface to capture washers inside the piece at two levels.

Four projections in the mold cavity that telescope into the mating part allow for a rib at both the top and bottom surface to capture washers inside the piece at two levels. When the threaded female ferrule is drawn over the resulting four-part cylindrical cone of the male, the washers are compressed, creating ample friction to set the handlebar height firmly.

Initial designs called for solid rings of plastic at different levels. The DP team worked through a suggestion with Segway to interrupt the rings of plastic without having integral mold action or moveable pieces. Pete Anders, DP's molding foreman, worked with Doss and Prebelich to establish the molding process parameters and parts sequences. This simplified tooling, further reducing cost by saving time in designing the action and machining it.

Getting Down to the Parts
Segway sent Pro/ENGINEER part files, which DP technicians brought into Mastercam for any revisions and for toolpathing. Loose, hand-inserted mold pieces formed the threads of the male ferrule. Prebelich says, "We take the two pieces together and drop them into the larger, ejector side of the tool. It's closed, the plastic is injected and, when the tool opens, the mold pieces are ejected with part." They must be hand separated during the limited-production startup period, but the time spent on handling as part of the production process was surprisingly less and the cutting time far faster than cutting steel for prototype tooling.

Dynamic Plastics' precision molding and materials experience contributes to the rigidity of the height-adjustable control shaft-the user's link to the HT's turning and function controls.

A softer, hand-grip part was overmolded on the female ferrule after it was molded with threads by replacing the two threaded hand-loads with two for the second shot. DP has currently been performing 10,000-part runs for Segway using hand-inserted mold parts, but now that production is ramping up, the tooling will be augmented with slides, pushing the pieces together into the mold as it closes and changing them for the second shot.

"The production time constraints and our own quality control don't leave room for dealing with flash either," reports Prebelich. "The mold parts must fit right the first time. Using MoldPlus (an add-in for Mastercam), we copy the run-off and parting line surfaces for the cavity mold into the core mold layer for that perfect fit. In the seven years we have used Mastercam's MoldPlus it has given us a time savings of up to 70 percent on the most complex jobs."

Cutting in Real Time
"We like to do an intermediate semi-rough surface toolpath, stepping down to a 0.25-inch bullnose mill with a 0.020-inch radius," Prebelich says, "to get it closer to the finish dimensions, but still perform a fairly aggressive cut. Since our software remembers what it has cut, I was able to use the leftover feature with a much smaller cutter-a 0.060-inch flat or ball mill, depending on the geometry-to clean just the stock left from corners and details missed by the larger cutters. Finally, surface finish contour and, in some places, surface finish parallel toolpathing gave us an extremely clean mold surface finish."

Rather than adding machining time, DP's three-step progression of toolpaths allowed faster results. Running appropriate feed and speed rates for each successive cutter in the progression kept feed speeds high without pushing the tools to their respective limits. With this rough to semi-rough to finish combination, larger cutters give greater speed while leftover, with its quick cleanup, completed the details with time to spare.

Accuracy Achieved
Reports on the Segway HT hail the machine for its superb functionality, elegant design and high quality. Doss claims, "Mastercam gave us the accuracy needed to produce parts at a level of quality in keeping with Segway's engineering idealism."

The Beginning of a Movement

The Independence Technology iBOT Mobility System in action: climbing stairs, enabling eye-to-eye contact. The self-balancing technology of Dean Kamen's iBOT design was the predecessor of his Segway HT. Market headlines read, "Segway Opens 30 New Dealerships, Expanding Company's Presence Into 26 States." This is no surprise. Dean Kamen, founder of Segway and DEKA Research and Development, holds more than 150 U.S. and foreign patents related to medical devices, climate control systems and helicopter design. Watching a young man in a wheelchair struggling to get over a curb, Kamen realized that the problem wasn't ineffective wheelchairs; it was that world infrastructure was designed for people who could balance. As a result, he and his team created Segway's predecessor, the IBOT Mobility System, a self-balancing mobility device that enables users to climb stairs and negotiate sand, rocks and curbs. By restoring balance, the IBOT also elevated users so they could see the world at eye level by maintaining equilibrium while raised on its two rear wheels! For people with full mobility, using a balance machine had far-reaching possibilities. Sophisticated computer programming was added, the electronics and drive systems evolved, and Kamen chose the right partners-not just investors with money, but people willing to invest in his vision.